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Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1998
Editorials
A competitive approach to saving universal health care. Peter Oberender (1)
Shifting finance out of acute hospitals. Brian Ferguson, Mark Baker (3)
Audit of submissions: July 1996-June 1997. Nick Black, Nicholas Mays (5)

Original research
Computer simulation to estimate the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy. Michael Lavender, Neil Craig, Ron Kerr, Denise Howel (6)
Not a 'proper' solution? The gap between professional guidelines and users' views about the safety of using emergency contraception. Sue Ziebland, Krista Maxwell (12)
Private provision of 'outreach' clinics to fundholding general practices in England. Susan Kerrison, Roslyn Corney (20)
Micro-level analysis of distributional changes in health care financing in Finland. Jan Klavus, Unto Häkkinen (23)
Were practice nurses distributed equitably across England and Wales, 1988-1995? Michael Hirst, Neil Lunt, Karl Atkin (31)
The importance of laboratory data for comparing outcomes and detecting 'outlier' wards in the treatment of patients with pneumonia. Yasmin Maor, Haya Rubin, Uri Gabbai, Benjamin Mozes (39)

Essays
The 'number needed to treat' and the 'adjusted NNT' in health care decision-making. Jack Dowie (44)

Review article
League tables for performance improvement in health care. Sandra Nutley, Peter Smith (50)

Reading around
Rationing in health care. Matthew Clayton (58)

Questions and answers
Valuing different types of health care work. (60)

Perspective
Hope and hyperbole: the rhetoric and reality of managerial reform in health care. Theodore Marmor (62)

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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 1998
Editorials
The Amsterdam Treaty and the future of European health policy. Elias Mossialos, Martin McKee (65)
Measuring hospital outcomes: don't make perfect the enemy of good!. Edward L Hannan (67)

Original research
Establishing patient preferences for blood transfusion support: an application of conjoint analysis. Marjon van der Pol, John Cairns (70)
Health policy in transition: terminal care and site of death in Japan. Akira Babazono, Janet Weiner, Hirohisa Hamada, Toshihide Tsuda, Yoshio Mino, Alan L Hillman (77)
Determinants of ambulatory physician utilization among adults with chronic diseases in Quebec. Enis Baris, François Champagne, Michèle Rivard (82)
The SF-36 physical and mental health summary measures: an example of how to interpret scores. Crispin Jenkinson (92)
Advice giving in community pharmacies: a response concerning methods for future research. Alison Pilnick (97)

Essays
Evaluating interventions to promote patient involvement in decision-making: by what criteria should effectiveness be judged? Vikki A. Entwistle, Amanda J. Sowden, Ian S. Watt (100)
Extrapolation of cost-effectiveness information to local settings. Stirling Bryan, Jackie Brown (108)

Review article
Pay in the British NHS: a local solution for a national service? Alastair Gray, James Buchan (113)

Worth a second look
Concepts of rigour and implications for health services research. Anita Kothari, Stephen Birch (121)

Perspective
Informed consent: ideal or reality?. Priscilla Alderson (124)

Questions and answers
Use of median and mean; primary care. (127)

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Volume 3, Issue 3, July 1998
Editorials
Utilities and preferences for health states: time for a pragmatic approach?. David Naylor, Hilary Llewellyn-Thomas (129)
Why, when and how should patients be charged?. Kieke Okma (132)

Original research
Expert panel assessment of appropriateness of abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: global judgement versus probability estimation. Marc Silverstein, David Ballard (134)
Public, private and voluntary residential mental health care: is there a cost difference?. Martin Knapp, Daniel Chisholm, Jack Astin, Paul Lelliott, Bernard Audini (141)
Day case surgery trends in England: the influences of target setting and of general practitioner fundholding. James Raftery, Andrew Stevens (149)
Variations in use of cardiac services in England: perceptions of general practitioners, general physicians and cardiologists. Alison Chapple, Anthony Gatrell (153)

Essays
Decision Analysis in the selection, design and application of clinical and health services research. Richard Lilford, Geoff Royston (159)
Catching goldfish: quality in qualitative research. Robert Dingwall, Elizabeth Murphy, Pamela Watson, David Greatbatch, Susan Parker (167)

Review article
Managed care: US research evidence and its lesson for the NHS. Andrea Steiner, Ray Robinson (173)

Reading around
How can health care reform be evaluated? Rudolph Klein (185)

Perspective
Does volume really affect outcome? Lessons from the evidence. Amanda Sowden, Trevor Sheldon (187)

Questions and answers
Bayesian statistics; benchmarking; Hawthorne effect. (191)

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Volume 3, Issue 4, October 1998
Editorials
Hypothecated taxes and NHS funding. Andrew Jones, Alan Duncan (193)
Context, convergence and contingency. Michael Traynor, Anne Marie Rafferty (195)

Original research
The limits of leadership: opinion leaders in general practice. Signe Flottorp, Andy Oxman, Arild Bjørndal (197)
Can we trust the quality of routine hospital outpatient information in the UK?. Alison Shaw, Maggie Somerset, Liz Dunn, Tim Peters, Alex Faulkner, Deborah Sharp (203)
Do minutes count? Consultation lengths in general practice. Roy Carr-Hill, Sue Jenkins-Clarke, Paul Dixon, Mike Pringle (207)
Does new technology increase or decrease health care costs? The treatment of peptic ulceration. Shaun Murphy (215)
Advice provided in British community pharmacies: what people want and what they get. Karen Hassell, Peter Noyce, Anne Rogers, Jennifer Harris, Jane Wilkinson (219)

Essay
Simulation applied to health services: opportunities for applying the system dynamics approach. Kathryn Taylor, David Lane (226)

Review article
The distribution of health care costs and their statistical analysis for economic evaluation. Andrew Briggs, Alastair Gray (233)

Reading around
The contribution of realism to evaluation research. Alison Drewett (246)

Worth a second look
Advances in hospital outcomes research. Linda Aiken, Douglas Sloane (249)

Perspective
Evidence-based policy: rhetoric and reality. Rosalind Raine (251)

Questions and answers
Focus groups; ROC curves; RCTs: real of artificial; barriers to market entry. Rosalind Raine (254)

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